In modern dentistry, dentists use a variety of imaging techniques to ensure that not only is the diagnosis accurate, but that treatment is also carried out with the utmost precision. Dental CT provides a reliable foundation for this!
Cone-beam computed tomography is undoubtedly a huge step forward in the field of dental imaging, as it is capable of producing clear, three-dimensional images of the various structures within the oral cavity whilst exposing the patient to a very low level of radiation.
However, its use is only justified in cases where a patient is due to undergo a complex procedure and conventional dental X-rays are insufficient both for accurately identifying the problem and for drawing up a treatment plan.
So what exactly is a dental CT scan, how does it work, when is it needed, and what is worth knowing about this three-dimensional imaging technology? In our article, we’ve compiled everything a patient might want to know on the subject!
What is a dental CT scan?
Dental CT (abbreviated to 3D CB CT) is a specialised imaging technique that uses X-rays to produce three-dimensional images of teeth, jawbones and other anatomical structures within the oral cavity.
Compared with traditional two-dimensional dental X-rays, this technology is superior not only because of its three-dimensional imaging, but also because it provides dentists with much more detailed information.
The technology is based on computed tomography, which is capable of taking up to several hundred images of the affected area using rotating X-rays; the connected computer then uses these to construct a highly accurate 3D model.
It is important to note that dental practices most commonly use 3D CB CT (3-dimensional cone beam computed tomography), which involves a significantly lower radiation dose than conventional medical CT.
When is a dental CT scan needed?
Dentists do not routinely recommend the use of dental CT scans; they do so only in specific cases. For example, it is not justified during a general check-up or in cases of simple tooth decay.
So when is a dental CT scan actually needed? Let’s look at the main situations and the reasons behind them:
Design of dental implants
When placing a dental implant, a strong and stable foundation is essential; in our case, this is provided by the jawbone. With the help of 3D CBCT, it is possible not only to determine the height and width of the bone precisely, but also its density.
This is very important in enabling the dentist to decide whether there is sufficient bone available for the implant, or whether bone grafting is required to achieve the desired result.
Furthermore, a dental CT scan can accurately map the nerves and sinuses in such cases, thereby helping to prevent any surgical risks and ensuring that the implant fits securely.
Wisdom tooth extraction
In most cases, the removal of wisdom teeth requires careful planning, as their roots are often situated close to vital nerves. 3D CBCT helps to provide the dentist with a precise view of these nerves and the exact position of the root.
Only with this information can the procedure be carried out safely, thereby minimising the risk of nerve damage and complications when extracting a wisdom tooth.
Planning orthodontic treatment
Whether invisible braces, whether the aim is conventional treatment, a dental CT scan is essential for planning tooth movement in advance. 3D imaging is, so to speak, indispensable for this.
With its help, it is possible to better visualise not only the current condition but also future outcomes, the alignment of the teeth and the development of the bite; furthermore, dentists can draw up a more precise treatment plan to achieve a more effective end result.
Diagnosis of jaw pain and temporomandibular joint problems
Jaw pain, difficulty opening the mouth or clicking sounds can usually be attributed to some form of joint problem. With a 3D CBCT scan, the underlying causes can usually be easily diagnosed.
Accurate and precise three-dimensional imaging makes it possible to identify structural problems, joint inflammation or dislocations relating to the temporomandibular joint. Conventional X-rays are often unsuitable for this purpose or do not provide a complete picture.
Diagnosis of hidden infections
Certain infections, cysts or abscesses are often situated in such a way that they are not visible, or are only partially visible, on standard dental X-rays. However, this is usually insufficient for a diagnosis.
A dental CT scan can reveal these often hidden problems from every angle, enabling not only an accurate diagnosis but also prompt treatment before they lead to painful complications or, in some cases, tooth loss.
Root canal treatment
Of course, root canal treatment often requires the use of appropriate diagnostic imaging. In such cases, 3D CBCT can easily reveal even hidden root canals, including those associated with any fractures or infections.
Conventional X-rays are not always able to reveal these, so the diagnosis and treatment of particularly difficult or complicated cases will be significantly easier and safer with the help of a CT scan.
The benefits of dental CT scans
Dental CT scans offer a great many advantages even when compared to traditional X-rays, but as a patient, it is worth being aware of the benefits that characterise this imaging method. Let’s take a look at the main advantages:
- A more accurate diagnosis: CBCT helps to reveal even those lesions that would remain hidden on 2D X-rays, thereby enabling a more accurate diagnosis.
- More precise treatment plans: Thanks to more accurate diagnoses and 3D imaging, CT scans enable the development of more precise treatment plans.
- Fewer complications: As it is possible to visualise anatomical details that would otherwise remain hidden during other imaging procedures, procedures may result in fewer complications or adverse effects.
- Quick and convenient: A CT scan can often replace several conventional X-rays, making it a quicker and more convenient alternative where appropriate.
- Advanced digital planning: Digital planning is essential for a number of procedures, such as implant placement or orthodontic treatment, and CT provides all the necessary background information for this.
How is a dental CT scan carried out?
A dental CT scan is essentially not very different from a conventional X-ray, but it is still advisable to understand the imaging process. Let’s look at it step by step:
- Preparations: As a CT scan also uses X-rays, it is very important that the patient removes all metal objects from the vicinity of the affected area (jewellery, spectacles, etc.) and then puts on a lead apron for radiation protection.
- Positioning: Imaging is carried out with the patient sitting or standing, but in both cases it is essential that the patient remains still. To achieve this, it may be necessary to secure or support the patient’s head.
- Imaging: Once correctly positioned, the machine takes the images from the outside. The whole process takes 15–20 seconds, during which it captures several hundred images from a variety of angles.
- Reconstruction: This vast amount of footage is recorded on a computer, which processes it digitally, stitches the images together, and then creates a 3D image of the area in question.
- Assessment: The dentist assesses the image obtained in this way and, based on this, diagnoses the problem and plans the treatment.
How safe is a dental CT scan?
Safety is one of the most common concerns patients have regarding dental CT scans, as the technology relies on X-rays and therefore involves exposure to radiation. The good news, however, is that the level of exposure is so low that it is virtually negligible.
CBCT uses a much lower radiation dose than conventional medical CT scanners, which in some cases can mean a radiation exposure up to ten times lower. Furthermore, the dose is localised, meaning it is focused only on the area being examined, rather than on the body as a whole.
The level of radiation exposure is comparable to that from conventional digital X-ray machines, which is negligible even when compared to everyday background radiation; in fact, we are often exposed to more radiation during a flight than during a CT scan.
Dental CT scans are therefore completely safe for patients and can be carried out on both young and elderly people, whilst being used only where clinically justified and with the lowest possible radiation exposure.
How does a dental CT scan differ from conventional CT scans?
The main difference between a dental CT scan and a conventional CT scan is that the X-rays do not strike the patient in a fan-shaped pattern – that is, across a wide spectrum – but in a cone-shaped pattern, and are therefore highly restricted and localised.
We have summarised the main differences in the table below:
| Dental CT (CBCT) | Conventional CT | |
|---|---|---|
| Form of X-rays | Cone-shaped, localised | Fan-shaped, extensive |
| Imaging time | Fast (a single rotation is sufficient for image capture) | Slow (may require several rotations) |
| Radiation exposure | Lower | Higher |
| Dimension | 3D | 2D/3D |
How much does a dental CT scan cost?
Unlike conventional X-rays, dental CT scans are more expensive, as they involve a much more advanced and modern technology capable of producing significantly more accurate and precise images.
At the NaturaDent clinic, a 3D CBCT scan costs 30,000 Ft.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main purpose of a CBCT scan in dentistry?
Above all, it is the precision of the imaging, as it enables detailed, three-dimensional images to be produced of the jaw, the teeth and the surrounding anatomical features alike.
It is particularly useful in cases where 2D imaging techniques are not precise enough for diagnosis, as well as for drawing up a treatment plan for dental implants, orthodontic treatment or root canal treatment.
When is a dental CT scan recommended?
Generally speaking, this is when a conventional X-ray does not provide sufficient information about the affected area. CBCT is now considered standard practice prior to certain procedures, such as dental implant surgery or orthodontic treatment.
How long does a CBCT scan take?
Specifically, the imaging itself usually takes less than a minute, but the entire process – including preparation, adjustments and evaluation – can take up to 10–15 minutes; however, the results can be analysed immediately.
Is a dental CT scan painful?
Not at all, as – just like an X-ray – it is simply an imaging technique that can be carried out painlessly. All the patient has to do is stand or sit still for a few seconds whilst the machine carries out the diagnostic scan.
How often can a dental CT scan be carried out?
Dentists only recommend a CBCT scan when it is absolutely necessary. The dates of previous imaging examinations can be traced from the patient’s medical history, but the frequency of such scans also depends on the patient’s condition and the treatment plan.
Is 3D CBCT the future of dental imaging?
There is no doubt about this, as it already determines the accuracy of dental diagnostics and the development of treatment plans; however, this does not mean that it would render dental X-rays obsolete, as there are cases where this cheaper technology may be sufficient.
How should you prepare for a dental CT scan?
A dental CT scan does not require any special preparation, but it is advisable to remove any jewellery, piercings or metal hair clips, as well as any other metal objects that might distort the imaging results, before arriving at the surgery.
Can dental CT scans be used during pregnancy?
Unless the procedure is absolutely essential, it should be avoided. Exceptions may only be made in urgent cases, subject to enhanced radiation protection measures.
Can it be used on children?
Yes, but only where justified. Children are more sensitive to radiation; however, provided that professional guidelines are followed and the radiation dose is appropriate, it is not harmful.
Can immediate results be expected from a dental CT scan?
Yes, digital images are produced almost instantly and can be assessed straight away, so not only can the patient receive an accurate diagnosis, but the dentist can also draw up a treatment plan straight away.
What is the ALARA principle in relation to dental CT scans?
ALARA is an abbreviation for ‘As Low As Reasonably Achievable’. In the context of CT scans, this broadly means the principle of keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable, which is applied in all forms of imaging involving radiation.
Is a contrast agent required for a dental CT scan?
No, and this makes the examination considerably simpler, quicker and easier.
How widespread is dental CT?
In the better dental practices, CT scanners are now available alongside X-ray machines without exception. NaturaDent, for example, is a pioneering and modern Dentistry in Budapest, where this state-of-the-art imaging technique is also available.
How noisy is it when it’s running?
There is no noise pollution during operation. Slight mechanical noises can be heard, but these are mainly caused by the movement of the machine.
